S.R. MNASRI^1*

O.D SADDOUD ¹

S. ROUZ ³

M. BEN SALEH ⁴

A. FERCHICHI²

¹ National Gene Bank of Tunisia, Street Yesser Arafet, Tunis, Tunisia.

² National Institute of Agronomy of Tunisia, University of Carthage, Charles Nicolle Tunis, Mahrajène Tunisia.

³ Department of Agricultural Production, Agricultural High School of Mograne, University of Carthage, Mograne, Zaghouan, Tunisia

⁴ Institute of Arid Regions of Gabes, Nahal Gabes Tunisia

Abstract - A study was conducted to compare morphological and genetical data of the main local olive cultivars in Tunisia. This work was conducted in the framework of the activities of the fruit tree network in the Tunisian National Gene Bank. Samples were taken from leaves, fruits and stones for morphological characters. DNA was extracted from leaf tissue and 6 EcoRI–MseI AFLP primer combinations were used. The morphological study permitted a specific description of the characteristics for the tested varieties and their repartition into three groups according to the fruit and endocarp quantitative data. Molecular data analysis demonstrated a high degree of polymorphism with an average of 35%. The analysis of AFLP profiles found in our set of olive cultivars showed a wide genetic diversity among olive germplasm. The UPGMA cluster analyses using Jaccard’s index revealed that the genetic diversity was predominantly structured according to fruit size. The data obtained was used for the varietal survey and construction of National Gene Bank fruit crops database, which will help in providing also additional information that could form the basis for the national design of olive breeding programs.

Keywords: AFLP, Gene bank, local cultivar olive, morphological data.

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H. BOUKHRIS^1,2*

C. DAMERGI^1,2

T. NAJAR^1,2

A. SAMET³

¹ National Institute of Agronomy of Tunisia, laboratory analysis of food quality, University of Carthage, Tunis-TUNISIA

² Preparatory Institute for Scientific and Technical Studies, molecular physic-chemistry research unit, laboratory of materials molecules and applications, University of Carthage, Tunis-TUNISIA

³ El Mazraa company, Fondek Jedid -TUNISIA

Abstract - The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of preslaughter transport time on meat turkey quality. Three hundred Hybride male turkeys (16 weeks aged) were divided into three groups and were transported in coops on trailer during three different terms: 15 min to 30 min, 1h15 to 1h30 min and 2h to 2h30 min. A total of birds were slaughtered on industrial processing line after 2h recovery-time. The pectoralis major muscle samples were collected for pH (20 min, 3h, 6h, 24 h), color values L*, a* and b*, drip loss, cook loss and shear force. Transport time affected the kinetics of post-mortem pH decline (p<0.0001). A long-term transported turkeys decreased the pH_20min and the rate of pH decline (p<0.0001). Nevertheless, the turkeys were transported for 2h to 2h30 min had the lowest pH at 20 min and the highest pH muscle at 24h. However, the color values L*, a* and b* were not affected by transport stress. A long-term transported contributed to decreased drip loss (p<0.05) and high levels to cook loss (p<0.0001). Moreover, there were significant differences in water holding capacity at day 3 post-mortem (p<0.0001). Furthermore, a long term of transport increased significantly the shear force (P < 0.0001). These results suggest that transporting turkeys for long-term before processing may induce pale, soft and exudative meat (PSE).

Keywords: transport, turkey, meat quality, postmortem metabolism, PSE.

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S.R. MNASRI^1*

O.D SADDOUD ¹

S. ROUZ ³

M. BEN SALEH ⁴

A. FERCHICHI²

¹ National Gene Bank of Tunisia, Street Yesser Arafet, Tunis, Tunisia.

² National Institute of Agronomy of Tunisia, University of Carthage, Charles Nicolle Tunis, Mahrajène Tunisia.

³ Department of Agricultural Production, Agricultural High School of Mograne, University of Carthage, Mograne, 1121 Zaghouan, Tunisia

⁴ Institute of Arid Regions of Gabes, Nahal Gabes Tunisia

Abstract - In the present paper we focus on the characterization and the conservation of the local minor olive cultivars in Tunisia. Our work was conducted in the framework of the activities of the fruit tree network in the Tunisian National Gene Bank. The objective is to study the relationship between thirteen autochthon olive varieties cultivated in the regions of “Rouhia”, “Makthar” and “Kesra” localized in the government of “Siliana” (North West of Tunisia). The experimental approach was based on the morphological data of the leaf, fruit and the endocarp as described by the International Olive Council (12). Polymorphism was observed among 18 evaluated qualitative traits, whereas significant differences (p <0.05) were observed for 11 analyzed quantitative traits. The principal components analysis showed a degree of variability of about 80% for the first two principal components, a percentage sufficiently high to ensure that the PCA plots were representative of the main features of the data set. Likewise, the hierarchical analysis based on Ward’s method permitted the separation of the thirteen studied cultivars on four main groups based essentially on the morphological data of the fruit and the endocarp which proved the importance of these parameters to discriminate between the olive cultivars. The phenotypic diversity observed among the autochthon olive cultivars in government of “Siliana” suggests a high genetic potential of this heritage and confirmed the necessity to protect the specimens studied cultivars.

Keywords: Morphological analysis, Autochthon olive, Biodiversity, Gene Bank, Tunisia

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S. TLAHIG ^{*1, 2}

H. YAHIA ¹

M. LOUMEREM ¹

¹ Dryland and oases cropping Laboratory- Arid Land Institute of Médenine - Tunisia

² National Agronomic Institute of Tunis, University of Carthage - Tunisia

Abstract - Thirty-nine lucerne half-sib progenies were been evaluated in this research. They derived from a polycross of native and exotic germplasm collections used as genetic material to hold a breeding program focusing on the development of new synthetic variety more adapted to outside oases arid conditions of southern Tunisia. The objectives of this work were to explore the variability among and within these progenies on basis of six agro-morphological traits, to evaluate their relating homogeneities and to classify them into similar groups after identifying the main traits contributing to the overall variability using multivariate PCA and hierarchical cluster analysis. Obtained results revealed a noticeable variability between and within progenies regarding the investigated traits. PCA showed that the first PC, which is the most important component, accounted for 34.45% of the total variability and was associated with FMY and DMY while the second PC accounted for 25.72% of the variability mainly resulted from the variation in ClrF, LCL and WCL. The cluster analysis performed on the first two PCs (60.18% of total variability) grouped the studied Lucerne progenies into three clusters. Analogically, with the superposition of each progeny with its assessed variables mean values and their relative CV%, it revealed that the progenies belonging to the first cluster (L4, A17, ABT21, L23, ABT32, E34, L39, S47, ABT52, A56, S71 and A73) presented the highest means values of the investigated traits and the least CV%. These progenies can be considered as the most homogenous material and the most appropriate to be selected to pursue the breeding scheme.

Keywords: alfalfa, agro-morphological, evaluation, coefficient of variation, multivariate analysis, arid conditions.

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Effet de 3 additifs enzymat iques : Rovabio Exel , Kemzyme Plus Dry et Cibenza DP 100 sur les performances du poulet de chair

A. RAACH-MOUJAHED *¹

F. ZOUAGHI ¹

K. HAJLAOUI ²

¹ Animal Science Department; High school of Agriculture of Mateur, Bizerte, Tunisia

² « CHAHIA » Compagny Tunisia

Abstract – The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 3 enzymatic additives (Rovabio Excel, Kemzyme Plus Dry and Cibenza DP100) on broiler performances. Four diets were tested. The control diet (T0) was composed of corn and soybean meal and the 3 others included respectively the 3 enzymes at the dose of 0.05 % (T1: T0 + Cibenza T2: T0 + Kemzyme and T3: T0 + Rovabio). The experiment used 480 chicks JV one-day aged. Animals were divided into 12 groups of 40 chicks each in order to have 3 groups per diet.

The diets were distributed through 2 successive periods from 1 to 26 days (starter) and from 27 to 35 days (grower). Weight gain (WG), daily weight gain (DWG), daily feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and mortality rate (MR) were measured. Results showed that Rovabio (T3) and Kemzyme Plus Dry (T2) diets resulted in the highest WG (P<0.05, averaged 2010,56 g) compared to control and Cibenza DP100 diets (averaged 1917,97 g). No differences were observed between the 4 tested diets in overall DWG (54,62g/d), FI (91,67 g/d) , FCR (1,67), and MR (3,54%). It was concluded that adding Kemzyme Plus Dry and Rovabio excel seemed to be more efficient to improve WG of broiler at 35 days than Cibenza DP 100 in a diet based on corn and soybean meal.

Keywords: Rovabio Excel, Cibenza DP100, Kemzyme Plus Dry, Performances, broiler.

Résumé – Cette étude a pour objectif d’évaluer les effets de l'ajout de 3 additifs enzymatiques : le Rovabio Excel ; le Kemzyme Plus Dry et le Cibenza DP100 sur les performances des poulets de chair. Le suivi a été effectué sur 480 poussins d’un jour de la souche « JV » qui ont été répartis en 12 lots de 40 poussins chacun soit 3 répétitions/régime. 4 régimes ont été distribués durant 2 périodes de 1 à 26 jours (Démarrage) et de 27 à 35 jours (Croissance- Finition) : Un régime témoin à base de maïs et de tourteaux de soja (T0 : sans l’ajout enzymatique), le régime témoin supplémenté avec Cibenza DP100 à la dose de 0,05% (T1), le régime témoin supplémenté avec Kemzyme Plus Dry à la dose de 0,05% (T2) et le régime supplémenté avec Rovabio à la dose de 0,05% (T3).

Le régime avec Rovabio a donné le meilleur poids final à 35 jours comparé aux régimes Témoin et avec Cibenza DP100 (2065,87g ; P<0,05) mais comparable avec le régime avec KEMZYME. Pas de différences significatives entre les 4 régimes pour le GMQ global moyen (54,62 g/j), IC global moyen (1,67), la quantité ingérée globale moyenne (91,67g/j) et la mortalité moyenne (3,54%) (P>0.05). L’utilisation de Kemzyme Plus Dry et Rovabio Exel semble plus efficace sur le poids que l’emploi de la Cibenza DP 100 dans des régimes à base de maïs–soja chez le poulet de chair.

Mots-clés : Rovabio Excel, Cibenza DP100, Kemzyme Plus Dry, Performances, Poulet de chair.

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M. Bagues^{*, 1, 2} 

I. Souli^{1, 3}

F. Boussora¹

B. Lachiheb¹

K. Nagaz¹

¹ Laboratory of Dryland and Oasis Cropping, Institute of Arid Lands of Medenine, Tunisia.

² Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, Tunisia.

³ Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Tunisia.

Abstract - To examine drought tolerance of two barley accessions “Ardhaoui” under deficit irrigation using saline water in southern Tunisia, Three treatments were used: with control T₀ (100%ETc) and stressed T₁ (75%ETc), T₂ (50%ETc). Proline and soluble sugar contents increased significantly under water stress between accessions compared to control and varies at growth stages. The increasing of Ca²⁺ concentration enhanced the absorption of Na⁺ ion, consequently K⁺/Na⁺ decreased significantly between accessions, which suggested that Karkeni was tolerant to water stress and more productive than Bengardeni under this strategy of irrigation in arid region of Tunisia.

Keywords: water stress, proline, soluble sugar, minerals, yield and barley.

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