L’analyse de la chaîne de valeurs des produits laitiers au Centre de la Tunisie: Challenges et opportunités pour un meilleur développement

M. ZLAOUI¹

M.Z. DHRAIEF²

O. JEBALI³

M. BEN SALEM⁴

^1,2,3,4 National Agronomic Research Institute of Tunisia (INRAT), Rue Hedi Karray, 2049 Tunis, Tunisia.

Abstract – Tunisian dairy value chain plays an important role in economic growth, enhancing food security, poverty reduction and rural development. The paper aims to diagnosis the dairy value chain in Central Tunisia (Sidi Bouzid governorate) in order to facilitate the development of stakeholder-driven strategies to improve the milk quality, added value, and milk cooling technologies.. Qualitative and quantitative interviews were addressed to 121 breeders, 30 milk collectors, 14 milk collecting centers and one milk plant. SWOT method was applied to determine the performance of the dairy value chain. Results show important opportunities related to the qualitative aspect and the value creation: introducing the dry ration which can improve the flock’s productivity, encouraging breeders to group together in cooperatives to benefit from the multiple governmental advantages, cooling milk on the farm as a first step to guarantee a better microbiological quality of milk at production level, organizing the milk collectors by applying the specific rules of quality, revising the national quality standards towards higher levels, etc. However, better coordination between the different stakeholders is necessary to carry out all the suggested interventions on the Tunisian dairy value chain.

Keywords: Value chain, dairy products, opportunities, marketing, central Tunisia

Read more

I. BEN SALEM¹

S. KHNISSI²

M. REKIK³

A. BEN YOUNES⁴

N. LASSOUED²

¹ Département des Productions Animales, Service de Zootechnie et Economie Agricole, Ecole Nationale de MédecineVétérinaire, 2020 Sidi Thabet, Tunisie

² Laboratoire des Productions Animales et Fourragères, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique de Tunis, 2049 Ariana, Tunisie.

³ Centre International des RecherchesAgricolesdans les Zones Arides (ICARDA), Amman 11195, Jordanie.

⁴ FondationNationale de l’Amélioration de la Race Chevaline, 2020, Sidi Thabet, Tunisie

Abstract – The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of barley substitution by cactus during pre-mating phase on some reproductive parameters and blood metabolites of goats. Forty adult goats of local breed were allocated to two groups based on live their weight. Each goat of both groups received 0.9 kg of barley straw. Goats on concentrate group (CC) received in addition 425g/goats/day of a concentrate (mixture of 80% barley and 20% soybean). Goats in the cactus group (CAC) received 256g of a concentrate (mixture of 68% barley and 32% soybean) and 2600g of cactus pads. Feeding regimes were applied on the average for one sexual cycle before mating and continued until 5 weeks after. Cactus incorporation had no effects on live weight and blood metabolite levels (glucose and total proteins) of the two groups. But goats receiving barley had a higher (p<0.05) plasma concentrations of urea than those receiving cactus pads. Reproductive parameters as estrus distribution, ovulation rate at first estrus (1.26±0.11 vs1.37±0.11 respectively for goats in CC and CAC groups) conception rate at all estrus (75% vs 90% respectively for goats in CC and CAC groups)and litter size for all estrus(1.46±0.13 vs1.27±0.11 respectively for goats in CC and CAC groups) were not significantly affected by the regimes.It is concluded that during autumn, the sexual season, cactus can replace barley on the diet of goats during 8 weeks around the breeding without any negative effects on live weight, metabolites and reproduction outcome.

Keywords: goats, cactus, ovulation rate, calcium, reproductive parameters

Read more

Etude Expérimentale de l’effet du stress hydrique sur les comportements agro-physiologiques du lupin face aux changements climatiques

A. BOUGHDIRI¹

G. TIBAOUI¹

H. BAHROUNI²

L. DHAOUADI³

B. BECHIR² 

A. SAIDI²

¹ School of Higher Education in Agriculture of Mateur, University of Carthage. Tunisia

² National Research Institute for Rural Engineering, Water and Forestry, Ariana, Tunisia

³ Regional Research Center for Oasis agriculture of Deguache, Tunisia.

Abstract – This work aims to evaluate and analyze the agro-physiological behavior of lupine culture under the effect of water stress. Four water treatments T1, T2, T3 and T4 respectively corresponding to 80%, 70%, 50% and 35% of the retention capacity were applied. The plant material used is inoculated lupine and non uninoculated lupine. The results obtained showed that for increased water stress the treated species reduced their leaf area and perspiration by keeping relative water content. For the moisture regime corresponding to 35% Hcc, treated plants synthesize higher amounts of proline. At the young stage; the control treatment and the treatment which corresponds to 70% Hcc have too low levels of proline which does not exceed 250 μg / gMF. At 35% Hcc lupine does not show a significant increase in proline. Depending on the inoculation, the results obtained do not show a significant difference in a plant inoculated and not inoculated. In the aged stage proline; accumulation is more intense than in the young stage. The results show a variation of the proline content as a function of the inoculation. In fact, the quantities of proline formed are greater in non inoculated plants than inoculated ones.

Keywords: lupine, agro physiological behavior, water stress, inoculation

Read more

S. KHNISSI¹

M. REKIK²

N. LASSOUED^1*

¹ Laboratoire des Productions Animales et Fourragères, INRAT, Ariana, Tunisia, Université de Carthage.

² International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Amman, Jordan

Abstract – Ten mature Barbarine rams were used to study, during hot season, the limit of the tolerance capacity of breed to water deprivation (one, two and three days) on male reproductive performances. Animals were allocated to two groups of five animals each, control (C) and deprived (D) rams. C rams had free access to water while D rams were deprived for 3 days followed by one day of hydration during 4 weeks of mating period (8 cycles of water deprivation). Semen and sexual behavior parameters were recorded every 1^st, 2^nd and 3^rd day of water deprivation during the trial. This study showed an effect of duration of treatment on sperm volume (P<0.05) and concentration (P<0.01). On the other hand, D rams showed a significant decrease (p<0.01) of sexual behavior parameters on the 3^rd day of dehydration (anogenital sniffing, flehmen, penis erection, reaction time and libido score). The present study provides a better understanding of the ability of Barbarine breed to endure more than one day dehydration and the response in term of reproductive performances in rams during the mating season which naturally coincides with the summer hot season.

Keywords: Rams, Water deprivation, Semen, Sexual behavior

Read more