Effets des différents types de litières sur les performances et la qualité des poulets de chair à l’abattage

M. BEN LARBI^1*

B. WESLATI¹

C. DAREJ²

N. M’HAMDI²

¹Unité de Recherche : biodiversité et et valorisation des ressources dans les zones montagneuses (UR17AGR14). Ecole Supérieure d’Agriculture de Mateur, route de Tabarka 7030 Mateur

² Institut National Agronomique de Tunisie, 43 Avenue Charles Nicolle, Tunis 1082

Abstract – In broiler farms, litter plays an important role. It ensures the comfort of the animals by the thermal insulation, the absorption of moisture and the prevention of pathologies. In this context, this work consists of comparing the effect of four types of litter (wood chip, whole straw, chopped straw and straw plug mixed with wood chips) on the fattening performance (weight, mortality rate, and pododermatitis) and carcass quality at slaughter (trauma, tarsal burns, pest injury and bearing injury). The results showed that straw litter + woodchip litter is the best litter for weight parameters (slaughter weight = 1740g and GMQ 56.42g / d). Regarding the mortality rate, the litter that contains the straw cap with wood chip gives the best result (2.77%). For the incidence of contact dermatitis, the results showed that chickens reared on wood-chip + straw cap and wood-only patch were the least affected. With respect to the parameters monitored in the slaughterhouse, the results showed that the subjects raised on the straw cap with the wood chip are the least affected by these lesions, while the chickens reared on the litter consisting of whole straw and ground straw present the highest lesion rates.

Keywords: litter, broiler, growth parameters, carcass quality.

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Influence de la salinité sur les comportements agro- physiologiques de deux variétés de lupin blanc (Lupinus albus.L)

G. TIBAOUI^1*

H. SELMI²

O. HANNECH¹

¹ Ecole Supérieure d’Agriculture de Mateur

² Institut Sylvopastoral de Tabarka

Abstract – This aimed to study the tolerance of two varieties of white lupin (Lupinus albus. L,) the first French origin "Lumen" and the second local "variety Séjnane" for the salt stress. Various concentrations, of NaCl, were applied from 1 to 21 g / l to study the effect of the salinity on the rate and the speed of seeding. Three doses (0; 1 and 3 g/l) were used under shelters to study the effect of the salinity on the agro-physiological parameters of plants. The obtained results show that the seeding, the studied agronomic and physiological parameters varied (p <0,05> with stress applied salt marshes. Indeed, until 17g / l, both varieties maintain a rate of seeding raised (> 50 % of the witness), with rates of seeding varying of 90 % of that of the witness to the variety V1 in 65 % of that of the witness to the Rare are the fodder species which can germinate at such levels of salinity. During the vegetation, a rate of 3g / l causes a reduction of the foliar surface, the reduction of the perspiration, the preservation of the relative content in water and the synthesis of an important quantity of proline. These parameters are more marked at the local variety (sejnane). Such adaptations allowed this variety to keep its potential of production in condition of salinity (78 % of the witness) and to stimulate the nitrogenous content in material (124 %).

Keywords: Lupinus albus, tolerance, salt stress.

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A. NAMSI ^1*

S. BEN MAACHIA ¹

I. CHAIEB ²

M. JEMNI ¹

I. BERRI ¹

¹ Regional Center of Oases Agriculture Research Degache. Tozeur, Tunisia.

² Regional Center of Horticulture and Organic Agriculture Research Chott Mariam. Sousse. Tunisia

Abstract – Neofusicoccum mangiferae (Syd.& P. Syd.) is a wood fungus causing serious apricot decline in the oases of the South of Tunisia. This disease caused enormous losses. Oases are very fragile ecosystems and the use of chemicals may disturb the ecological balance. Hence the alternative biological control proved to be essential. The present study was undertaken to evaluate in vitro antifungal activity of plant leaf methanol extracts from three autochthon species Ricinus communis, Retama raetam, Ziziphus mauritiana and essential oil of Rosmarinus officinalis against plant fungal pathogen: N. mangiferae. A modified agar dilution method was used to determine the inhibitory effect of the plant extracts on the mycelial radial growth, inhibition of spore germination of N. mangiferae and conidia formation. The study revealed that the inhibitory effect of the extracts depends on the species used. Retama raetam plant leaf extracts was the most effective one. This extract has significantly reduced the radial growth of the fungus until 77% under the concentration of 1000 mg/mL. Ziziphus mauritiana was the most effective plant extracts on conidial germination. Which ensure a significant reduction of 90% recorded by the concentration of 400mg/mL. The essential oil of Rosmarinus officinalis provided 100% inhibition of both the mycelial growth and spores germination of N. mangiferae recorded by the dose of 45 µl. These results have shown that the essential oils derived from Rosmarinus officinalis might be used as alternative for the control of decline apricot disease.

Keywords: antifungal activity, Neofusicoccum mangiferae, Ricinus communis, Retama raetam, Ziziphus mauritiana, plant extracts, essential oil of Rosmarinus officinalis.

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Ressources en Eau et Changement Climatique: Stratégies Clés d'adaptation, et Rôle de la Recherche Scientifique en Tunisie

B. BEN NOUNA ¹

M. REZIG ¹

S. KANZARI ¹

A. CHEBIL ¹

S. JEBARI ¹

¹ Institut National de Recherches en Génie Rural, Eaux et Forêts (INRGREF)

Abstract – This paper aims to strengthen the climate change adaptation strategy in water sector in Tunisia. It considers the preservation of water resources, the water irrigation demand management, and economic analysis of the adaptation strategies costs. A summary of the research work from international experiences is established in this article. These experiments were carefully described and analyzed their relevance to the development of water resources adaptation approach to the specific climate context of Tunisia. This study is the link with the role of scientific research and its multidisciplinary and innovative contribution.

Keywords: Water resources, climate change, adaptation strategies, scientific research, Tunisia

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